Language Contact and Variation in Pakistani English: Analysis of Linguistic Features in Aamina Ahmad's The Return of Faraz Ali

Abstract

This paper analyses The Return of Faraz Ali by Aamina Ahmad with a focus on the elements of Pakistani English as the variety of English spoken in Pakistan. Using lexical borrowings, code-switching, syntax shift and cultural references, the paper studies the dynamic intertwining of sub-jugate Urdu, Punjabi and Pashto and English within the novel. Some of such expressions include ‘Mohalla, saab, bibi ’ which shows the social-cultural context of the story; code-switching and syntax highlighting the linguistic repertoire of the characters reflecting their bilingualism and biculturalism respectively. In terms of language the textual aspect is complemented by pragmatic components – honorifics and culturally proper expressions, which correspond to South Asian societies’ standards. the present study stresses on the utilitarian importance of the novel in specifying the linguistic features and, thereby, increasing the intelligibility of Pakistani English within the World Englishes paradigm.

Keywords: Pakistani English, lexical borrowing, code-switching, syntax variation, cultural expressions, multilingualism, The Return of Faraz Ali.