Women In Conflict Zones: A Study Of Political Participation And Grassroots Peace Buildings Efforts In The New Merged Tribal Districts Of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2018 - 2023)

Abstract

This study explores the evolving role of women in conflict-affected regions, specifically focusing on their political participation and grassroots peace building initiatives in the Newly Merged Tribal Districts (NMTDs) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa between 2018 and 2023. Following the merger of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the region has undergone significant socio-political transformation, creating both opportunities and challenges for women’s engagement in public life. This research investigates how women have navigated deeply patriarchal structures, systemic marginalization, and conflict legacies to assert their agency in political forums and community-based peace processes. Drawing on qualitative data, including interviews with female activists, local leaders, and civil society actors, the study reveals a growing yet fragile presence of women in decision-making and peace building spaces. Despite institutional barriers and cultural resistance, their involvement is shaping new narratives of resilience, democratization, and inclusive governance in the post-conflict reconstruction of the tribal belt. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of gendered peace building in post-merger Pakistan and offer policy insights for promoting women’s leadership in fragile and transitional contexts.

Keywords: Women in conflict zones, political participation, grassroots peace building, tribal districts, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, post-merger governance, gender and conflict, inclusive development, women's empowerment, FATA reforms.