The Politics Of Obedience And Disobedience In John Milton’S Paradise Lost: A Study Of Power, Authority And Moral Choice

Abstract

This research article explores the intricate dynamics of obedience and disobedience in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, focusing on how the poem negotiates themes of power, authority, and moral choice. Milton’s epic is not merely a theological narrative of the Fall of Man; it is also a profound political commentary on hierarchical structures and human agency. Through the characterizations of God, Satan, Adam, and Eve, Milton constructs a complex discourse on the legitimacy and limits of authority, challenging readers to examine the moral implications of both submission and rebellion. The analysis investigates how Milton presents obedience as both a spiritual duty and a political necessity, while disobedience emerges as a morally ambiguous force—simultaneously destructive and empowering. The study draws attention to Satan’s insurrection as a metaphor for political resistance and Adam and Eve’s transgression as an act of individual moral choice. Milton’s own historical context, marked by civil unrest and debates over monarchy and republicanism, frames the poem’s ideological underpinnings. The paper employs a close reading of key passages alongside critical perspectives from political theology and literary criticism to interrogate how obedience to divine authority is depicted as essential for cosmic order, while disobedience is portrayed as both a tragic flaw and a catalyst for human development. Furthermore, the article examines Milton’s use of language and rhetorical strategies that shape the reader’s perception of authority figures and moral agency. By highlighting the tension between free will and divine command, the study reveals Paradise Lost as a work that transcends its biblical source material to address universal questions about power, governance, and ethical responsibility. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of Milton’s engagement with political philosophy and moral psychology within the epic tradition.

Key Words:  Obedience, Disobedience, Moral choice, Power, Authority, Free will, Rebellion, Divine justice, Governance, Hierarchy.