Cultural Translation and National Identity: An Exploration of Iqbal's Poetry in English Translation

Abstract

This study explores the thematic interpretation of Allama Iqbal's Shikwa and Jawab-i-Shikwa through Khushwant Singh's translations, employing Molina and Albir's analytical techniques. A conceptual framework was developed, focusing on fundamental aspects such as meaning, uncertainty, thematic dedication, and translation distinction. The theoretical foundation draws on Saussure's theory of meaning, complemented by insights from translation theories proposed by Jacobson, Nida, and Baker. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study applied content analysis as its analytical technique. Categories emerged through in-depth examination of text samples, facilitating the analysis of meaning and identification of ambiguities. The findings highlight the significant challenges inherent in translating texts deeply rooted in cultural, historical, and religious contexts. They emphasize the importance of possessing in-depth knowledge and understanding of the target language. Furthermore, the study advocates for the integration of Iqbal's works into national educational frameworks, positing that such inclusion could significantly contribute to the preservation and broader understanding of Muslim history.

Keywords: Allama Iqbal, Shikwa and Jawab-i-Shikwa, Khushwant Singh, English translation, linguistic transformation.